The DGTR initiated an anti-dumping investigation on 28 September covering three rubber chemicals: TDQ from China, the European Union and Russia; PVI from China; and CBS from China and the European Union. These chemicals perform different but essential functions in rubber compounding, including protection against ageing, scorch control and acceleration of vulcanisation. Their availability and pricing therefore have a direct bearing on the formulation economics of rubber products. The investigation is particularly relevant to India's non-tyre rubber manufacturers, who use speciality chemicals in hoses, seals, belts, moulded products and other engineered applications. The development indicates that rubber chemicals continue to receive close attention under India's trade-remedy framework. Downstream manufacturers will need to monitor the investigation because any eventual anti-dumping measures could alter procurement costs and the relative attractiveness of domestic and overseas suppliers.